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Sometimes things go wrong only way to fix them is start from the beginning

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Automatic Irrigation system using 8051

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 INTRODUCTION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPO6GTjQNTs In a country like India, the agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development of the country. At the present era, the farmers have been using irrigation technique in India through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get dried . There is a need in the residential/commercial irrigation industry for an irrigation controller that responds to soil moisture sensors in individual zones as a way of conserving water. An ideal controller should be "user friendly", i.e., easy to program and requiring a minimum number of keys or push-buttons to operate the controller. It should also allow irrigation to take place in zones where watering is required, while by passing zones where adequate soil moisture is indicated- To add flexibility, it should be possib
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Transformer

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            A transformer is a magnetically coupled device in which magnetic field produced by time-varying current induction voltage in another. An electric transformer changes ac electric power at one voltage to another. The transformer two coils, these are electrically separated but linked through a common magnetic current circuit. AC current in one coil produce a flux that links with other winding and induces voltage in that. STANDARD TRANSFORMER ACCESSORIES 1)       Thermometer Pockets This pocket is provided to measure temperature of the top oil in tank with mercury in glass type thermometer. It is essential to fill the pocket with transformer oil before inserting the thermometer, to have uniform and correct reading   2)    Buchhol's Relay                                                         This relay is a gas actuated relay which is
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CONDUCTORS

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Conductors are materials with electrons are loosely bound to their atoms or materials that permit free motion of a large number of electrons. Atoms with only one valance electron such as copper, silver, gold are examples of good conductors. Most of the metals are good conductors Properties of electrical conductors             In equilibrium condition the conductors exhibit the following properties a)       Resistance Conductors are those substances which offer such a small resistance b)       Inductance When a conductor is used as ac supply a magnetic flux is produced, which consist of two parts. One is internal flux and other is external flux. The internal flux is very low as compare to external flux. Due to this flux linkage to the conductor itself an inductance is come into picture. This inductance results in extra voltage drop in conductors. More over this inductance is also effects to skin effect and proximity effect  c)       Electric field There is no electr
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